Rabu, 18 Februari 2009
Information about Pathloss 5.0 Price
Pathloss 5 Interim release is available now.
The interim release of Pathloss version 5 is structured in the following options:
PL5B - Basic program - point to point link design
The basic program consists of the network display and the automated linking and design features for point to point radio links. This includes the design sections for terrain data, antenna heights, diffraction, transmission analysis and reflections - multipath analysis. These features are common to all program options.
PL5C - Point to multipoint design - local studies
The point to multipoint design option adds multi-sectored base stations to the network display. These are used for the automatic PTMP linking and design features. Additionally local coverage studies can be carried out centered on a base station using signal strength, fade margin or visibility as the display criteria.
PL5I - Interference
The interference option calculates the aggregate interfering level of all transmitters in a selected group. The subsequent receiver threshold degradation and increase in outage time is calculated for rain and multipath correlated fading. The analysis can be carried out for all radio types in point to point and point to multipoint networks taking into account the duplex arrangement on PTMP radios. Interference through passive repeaters is included in the calculation.
PL5T - Interference, point to multipoint design, local and area studies
This option combines the point to multipoint - local studies and interference options and adds area study analysis. In an area study, signals from a number of base stations are calculated into a common area. In addition to receive signal levels, an area study can display the most likely server, carrier to interference and simulcast delay.
Pathloss version 5 Interim release single user license price list
PL5B 2800.00 Cdn
PL5C 3800.00 Cdn
PL5I 4800.00 Cdn
PL5T 5800.00 Cdn
Options price list
The interference and the PTMP-local studies options can be added to the basic program at a later date over the Internet at the following prices.
PTMP-local studies 1000.00 Cdn
Interference 2000.00 Cdn
Upgrade Pricing from Pathloss Version 4
The upgrade price from Pathloss version 4 to version 5 is 60% of the above base prices.
If the Version 4 program was purchased within the 6 month period prior to the Version 5 Interim release date, an additional discount will be applied on a sliding scale.
If the Version 4 program is purchased after the Version 5 Interim release date, the upgrade price to version 5 is 30% of the above base prices.
Version 4 serial numbers are required to provide a quotation.
Prices are in Canadian dollars and do not include applicable duties, taxes.
Prepayment is required on all orders. Payment can be made by VISA or MasterCard or by a bank wire transfer.
PL5B - Basic program - point to point link design
The basic program consists of the network display and the automated linking and design features for point to point radio links. This includes the design sections for terrain data, antenna heights, diffraction, transmission analysis and reflections - multipath analysis. These features are common to all program options.
PL5C - Point to multipoint design - local studies
The point to multipoint design option adds multi-sectored base stations to the network display. These are used for the automatic PTMP linking and design features. Additionally local coverage studies can be carried out centered on a base station using signal strength, fade margin or visibility as the display criteria.
PL5I - Interference
The interference option calculates the aggregate interfering level of all transmitters in a selected group. The subsequent receiver threshold degradation and increase in outage time is calculated for rain and multipath correlated fading. The analysis can be carried out for all radio types in point to point and point to multipoint networks taking into account the duplex arrangement on PTMP radios. Interference through passive repeaters is included in the calculation.
PL5T - Interference, point to multipoint design, local and area studies
This option combines the point to multipoint - local studies and interference options and adds area study analysis. In an area study, signals from a number of base stations are calculated into a common area. In addition to receive signal levels, an area study can display the most likely server, carrier to interference and simulcast delay.
Pathloss version 5 Interim release single user license price list
PL5B 2800.00 Cdn
PL5C 3800.00 Cdn
PL5I 4800.00 Cdn
PL5T 5800.00 Cdn
Options price list
The interference and the PTMP-local studies options can be added to the basic program at a later date over the Internet at the following prices.
PTMP-local studies 1000.00 Cdn
Interference 2000.00 Cdn
Upgrade Pricing from Pathloss Version 4
The upgrade price from Pathloss version 4 to version 5 is 60% of the above base prices.
If the Version 4 program was purchased within the 6 month period prior to the Version 5 Interim release date, an additional discount will be applied on a sliding scale.
If the Version 4 program is purchased after the Version 5 Interim release date, the upgrade price to version 5 is 30% of the above base prices.
Version 4 serial numbers are required to provide a quotation.
Prices are in Canadian dollars and do not include applicable duties, taxes.
Prepayment is required on all orders. Payment can be made by VISA or MasterCard or by a bank wire transfer.
EMISSION DESIGNATORS
FCC EMISSION DESIGNATORS
Detailed List
Last Rev. 1998
WARC-79, the World Administrative Radio Conference that rewrote many
of the world's radio regulations, adopted a new system of emission
classification. The traditional A (Amplitude), F (Frequency), and P
(Pulse) was intuitive, but limited and clumsy when dealing with new
modes.
The world's radio bodies, including the FCC, gradually phased in the
new system until today it completely replaces the old one.
The formula for the new designations, loosely from ITU radio
regulations 264 through 273, and Appendix 6, Part A, is:
[BBBB]MNI[DM],
where
[] means optional when writing emission specs.
[BBBB] = Necessary Bandwidth (shown in FCC records, but is often
omitted elsewhere)
Uses a letter and three numbers. The letter goes where the decimal
point should be placed, and denotes a magnitude:
H Hz
K kHz
M MHz
G GHz
Some common bandwidths are:
400 Hz 400H
2.4 kHz 2K40
12.5 kHz 12K5
6 MHz 6M00
M = Modulation Type
N None
A AM (Amplitude Modulation), double sideband, full carrier
H AM, single sideband, full carrier
R AM, single sideband, reduced or controlled carrier
J AM, single sideband, suppressed carrier
B AM, independent sidebands
C AM, vestigial sideband (commonly analog TV)
F Angle-modulated, straight FM
G Angle-modulated, phase modulation (common; sounds like FM)
D Carrier is amplitude and angle modulated
P Pulse, no modulation
K Pulse, amplitude modulation (PAM, PSM)
L Pulse, width modulation (PWM)
M Pulse, phase or position modulation (PPM)
Q Pulse, carrier also angle-modulated during pulse
W Pulse, two or more modes used
X All cases not covered above
N = Nature of modulating signal
0 None
1 Digital, on-off or quantized, no modulation
2 Digital, with modulation
3 Single analog channel
7 Two or more digital channels
8 Two or more analog channels
9 Composite, one or more digital channel, one or more analog
X All cases not covered above
I = Information type
N None
A Aural telegraphy, for people (Morse code)
B Telegraphy for machine copy (RTTY, fast Morse)
C Analog fax
D Data, telemetry, telecommand
E Telephony, voice, sound broadcasting
F Video, television
W Combinations of the above
X All cases not covered above
[DM] = additional details, not used by FCC, optional elsewhere
D = Detail
RTTY/modems:
A Two condition code, differing numbers or durations (Morse)
B Two condition code, same number and duration, no error check
C Two condition code, same num & dur, error check
D Four condition code, 1 or more bits per condition
E Multi condition code, 1 or more bits per condition
F Multi condition code, conditions may combine
Audio:
G Broadcast quality (mono)
H Broadcast quality (stereo/multichannel)
J Commercial quality
K Commercial quality, analog freq inversion or band scrambling
L Commercial quality, FM pilot tone (i.e. Lincomprex)
Video:
M Monochrome
N Color
W Combination
X All cases not covered above
M = Multiplex type
N None
C Code division
F Frequency division
T Time division
W Combination of above
X All other types
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Converting Between Old & New Systems
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
USE OLD NEW
Pure carrier A0,F0 N0N
Morse telegraphy (by ear) A1 A1A
Modulated CW Morse A2 A2A
AM voice A3 A3E
SSB, suppressed carrier A3J J3E
SSB, reduced carrier A3R R3E
SSB, full carrier A3H H3E
Television A5 C3F
RTTY (F.S.K.) F1 F1B
RTTY (A.F.S.K.) F2 F2B
FM voice (Narrowband) F3 F3E, 20K0F3E
Packet Data/Teleprinters
with Audio Sub-Carrier 20F2 20K0F2B
Data with Audio Sub-carrier 3F2 3K00F2D
6F2 6K00F2D
20F2 20K0F2D
Analog Voice 20F3 20K0F3E
Digital Voice 20F3Y 20K0F1E
Digital Facsimile without
Audio Sub-Carrier 20F4 20K0F1C
Digital Facsimile with
Audio Sub-Carrier 20F4 20K0F2C
Analog Facsimile 20F4 20K0F3C
Composite of Digital &
Analog Information 3F9 3K00F9W
6F9 6K00F9W
20F9 20K0F9W
Packet Data/Teleprinters
without Audio Sub-Carrier 20F9Y 20K0F1B
Digital Data 20F9Y 20K0F1D
LAND MOBILE EMISSIONS MICROWAVE EMISSIONS
old new old new old new
A0 N0N P0 P0N F9 F8W (If bw is less than
A1 A1A P9 P0N 50 convert to F2D)
A3 A3E A2J J2B F9Y F7W (If bw is less than
A3J J3E A3H H3E 50 convert to F2D)
A7J J8W A9J J9W F3 F3E
A9 A9W P1 P1D A9Y A7W
A9Y A1D F2Y F2D A5 A3F
F0 N0N A0H H0N A9 A8W
F1 F1B A7 A8D A5C C3F
F2 F2D F7 F8D F2 F2D
F3 F3E F5 F3F
F3Y F1E
F4 F3C
F9 F9W
F9Y F1D
A2H H2D
A2 A2D
----------------------------------------------------------------------
And here is the relevant section of FCC rules:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
From General Docket No. 80-739
Section 2.201 Emission, modulation, and transmission characteristics.
The following system of designating emission, modulation, and
transmission characteristics shall be employed.
(a) Emissions are designated according to their classification and
their necessary bandwidth.
(b) A minimum of three symbols are used to describe the basic
characteristics of radio waves. Emissions are classified and
symbolized according to the following characteristics:
(1) First symbol - type of modulation of the main carrier;
(2) Second Symbol - nature of signal(s) modulating the main
carrier;
(3) Third symbol - type of information to be transmitted.
NOTE: A fourth and fifth symbol are provided for additional
information and are shown in Appendix 6, Part A of the ITU Radio
Regulations. Use of the fourth and fifth symbol is optional.
Therefore, the symbols may be used as described in Appendix 6,
but are not required by the Commission.
(c) First Symbol - types of modulation of the main carrier:
(1) Emission of an unmodulated carrier N
(2) Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude-
modulated (including cases where sub-carriers are angle
modulated):
- Double-sideband A
- Single-sideband, full carrier H
- Single-sideband, reduced or variable level carrier R
- Single-sideband, suppressed carrier J
- Independent sidebands B
- Vestigial sideband C
(3) Emission in which the main carrier is angle-modulated:
- Frequency modulation F
- Phase modulation G
NOTE: Whenever frequency modulation "F" is indicated,
Phase modulation "G" is also acceptable.
(4) Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude and
angle-modulated either simultaneously or in a pre-
established sequence D
(5) Emission of pulses:*
- Sequence of unmodulated pulses P
- A sequence of pulses:
- Modulated in amplitude K
- Modulated in width/duration L
- Modulated in position/phase M
- In which the carrier is angle-modulated during the
period of the pulse Q
- Which is a combination of the foregoing or is
produced by other means V
(6) Cases not covered above, in which an emission consists
of the main carrier modulated, either simultaneously or
in a pre-established sequence, a combination of two or
more of the following modes: amplitude, angle, pulse W
(7) Cases not otherwise covered X
*Emissions where the main carrier is directly modulated by a
signal which has been coded into quantizied form (e.g.,
pulse code modulation) should be designated under (2) or
(3).
(d) Second Symbol- nature of signal(s) modulating the main
carrier:
(1) No modulating signal 0
(2) A single channel containing quantized or digital
information without the use of a modulating sub-
carrier, excluding time-division multiplex 1
(3) A single channel containing quantized or digital
information with the use of a modulating sub-carrier,
excluding time-division multiplex 2
(4) A single channel containing analogue information 3
(5) Two or more channels containing quantized or digital
information 7
(6) Two or more channels containing analogue information 8
(7) Composite system with one or more channels containing
quantized or digital information, to-gether with one or
more channels containing analogue information 9
(8) Cases not otherwise covered X
(e) Third Symbol - type of information to be transmitted:
(1) No information transmitted N
(2) Telegraphy - for aural reception A
(3) Telegraphy - for automatic reception B
(4) Facsimile C
(5) Data transmission, telemetry, telecommand D
(6) Telephony (including sound broadcasting) E
(7) Television (video) F
(8) Combination of the above W
(9) Cases not otherwise covered X
(f) Type B emission: As an exception to the above principles,
damped waves are symbolized in the Commission's rules and
regulations as type B emission. The use of type B emissions
is forbidden.
(g) Whenever the full designation of an emission is necessary,
the symbol for that emission, as given above, shall be
preceded by the necessary bandwidth of the emission as
indicated in Section 2.202 (b) (1).
Section 2.202 Bandwidths.
(b) Necessary bandwidths.
(1) The necessary bandwidth shall be expressed by three
numerals and one letter. The letter occupies the
position of the decimal point and represents the unit
of bandwidth. The first character shall be neither
zero nor K, M or G.
Sabtu, 17 Januari 2009
Pathloss 5.0
3D Fresnel
3D Terrain Viewer
3 D Freznel Zone
3D Terain Viewer
Local Study viewer
Clutter Viewer
Local Study
Pathloss 5.0 Will released on February 2009
Program options
Pathloss version 5 is available in several options
PL5B - Basic program - point to point link design
The basic program consists of the network display and the automated linking and design features for point to point radio links. This includes the design sections for terrain data, antenna heights, diffraction, transmission analysis and reflections - multipath analysis. These features are common to all program options.
PL5C - Point to multipoint design - local studies
The point to multipoint design option adds multi-sectored base stations to the network display. These are used for the automatic PTMP linking and design features. Additionally local coverage studies can be carried out from a base station using signal strength, fade margin or visibility as the display criteria. In addition to the Pathloss deterministic diffraction algorithms, local studies can be carried out using the F(50,50), F(50,90), F(50,10) curves, Okimura (Hata) and Cost (Hata) empirical algorithms.
PL5I - Interference
An interference analysis can be carried out between groups of links in the network display or between a network display group and the Pathloss site database for all radio types. For each receiver, the aggregate interfering level of all transmitters is calculated. The receiver threshold degradation and the resulting increase in the outage probability is then determined taking into account the fade correlation for rain and multipath fades. Interference through passive repeaters is included in the calculation.
PL5T - Interference, point to multipoint design, local and area studies
This option combines the point to mulitpoint - local studies and interference options and adds area study analysis. In a local study each base station has its own coverage centered on the base station. In an area study, signals from a number of base stations are calculated into a common area. In addition to receive signal levels, an area study can display the most likely server, carrier to interference and simulcast delay.
Program organization
All operations are centered around the network display which provides a geographic layout of sites and links. The following backdrops are available in this display:
* Geo-referenced imagery in bmp, png, jpg and tif file formats. The geo reference information can be obtained from external text files (Planet type), MapInfo tab files, directly from geo-tiff files or can be manually geo referenced directly in the program.
* Vector data in ESRI shapefile or Planet formats.
* Elevation displays in a flat and shaded format. The elevation ranges, absolute- relative settings, colors, and transparency are completely configureable.
* A 3 dimensional elevation display showing the Fresnel zone radius on links. Pan, zoom and the view point control allow the user to effectively fly along a path.
* Clutter displays. The color legend and overall transparency are completely configureable
The Pathloss program contains two separate applications as follows.
* PL50 - network display and integrated link design sections.
* PL50L - link design sections only
In the network display, the link design sections are accessed by clicking on the specific link. It is not possible to access the link design sections for a link which are not associated with the network display using the standard open file dialog. The stand-alone PL50L link design application is used for this purpose.
Network display operations
Operations are based on groups or a selection of sites and links. A selection is a temporary group. There can be any number of named groups and these can overlap other groups. Groups of links can be automatically created based on path length, frequency and fade margin The default group is all sites and links. The following operations are carried out in the network display.
* Interference calculations between two groups of links in either or both directions. One of the groups can be the Pathloss site database
* Automatic point to point linking - generate all possible links between two groups of sites and determine the final configuration based on path length, antenna heights, diffraction loss or fade margin.
* Automatic point to multipoint linking - generate links from a base station to a group of sites or all sites within a specified radius and determine the final configuration based on path length, antenna heights, diffraction loss or fade margin. Remote sites are linked to the best sector at the base station.
* Automatic link design - specify the equipment parameters and the design methods and algorithms for a group of links and generate path profiles and carry out a complete transmission analysis. This feature is also used in the automatic point to point and point to multipoint linking.
* Point to point channel frequency and polarization assignments
* Network performance analysis
* Passive repeater design
* Local and area studies
* Report generation for a group of links. Any combination of report options can be printed for the selected group
Export file formats
The network display can be exported in the file formats listed below. Local and area studies are exported as vector contours.
* Google Earth using kml - png files
* MapInfo mid mif files
* ESRI shapefiles
New link design features
Antenna heights
* The antenna heights display now shows the Fresnel zones and earth radius factor as separate curves resulting in a more intuitive operation.
* The diffraction loss at the minimum expected value of K and a second user specified value of K can be displayed as the antenna heights are varied.
* Any combination of antenna heights can be analysed using either the main or diversity clearance criteria.
* A minimum clearance can now be specified as part of the clearance criteria.
Transmission analysis
* The transmission analysis section supports conventional microwave, adaptive modulation and land mobile radios
* The automatic link design feature is available in this design section. All location dependant parameters are determined from the site coordinates and terrain roughness is automatically calculated
Rain attenuation
The ITU-R P837-3 database and legacy ATT rain data files are now included.
Automatic rain calculations are carried out based on site coordinates for all rain data sources
Reflections - multipath
The reflections and multipath modules in version 4 have been combined into a single design section. The constant gradient ray trace is a precursor to determine if the path geometry supports a specular reflection and the location of the reflective plane.
Normally a reflective plane must be defined to analyse receive signal variations as the antenna heights, earth radius factor, frequency or tide levels are varied. This analysis can now be carried out using ray tracing for the earth radius factor or antenna height variables. This method considers terrain reflections over the entire path and is a better representation of the actual behaviour of the path.
The variable gradient ray trace now uses the surface ducts, elevated surface ducts and elevated duct data in the ITU-R P.453-8 data base. M-profiles and the probability of their occurrence are calculated using the site coordinates from this data
Reports
All reports are created in an integral RTF full featured word processor. This allows text and graphics to be combined in the reports.
Clutter
The following options for clutter (land cover, morphology) have been implemented:
* The clutter database only contains a description of the clutter. The user specifies the heights to be used for the various clutter types in a clutter definition table. This clutter definition can be edited for individual link designs
* The clutter database contains the actual height of the clutter. No descriptions are available.
* The clutter elevations are determined from the difference between the primary DEM and the clutter database. For example, the primary DEM could contain embedded building heights and the clutter database could contain terrain elevations only. The terrain profile would be created using the ground elevations and the clutter would be the difference between the two database elevations. This option can be used with SRTM and bare earth data such as NED to calibrate a description only clutter data base.
In a description only clutter database, the various clutter types are cross referenced to ten standard clutter definitions. These standard definitions are used in local and area studies for the location variability and the clutter loss as a function of frequency at the remote location.
Local and area studies
Version 4 coverage analysis uses a series of radial profiles with calculations at uniform increments along the profile. This produces a high concentration of data in the central area which decrease at the edges.Version 5 uses the concept of cells for both local and area studies to provide a uniform data density. The user specifies the cell size and a tolerance. The tolerance determines the location of the calculation point within the cell. A tolerance of 0 means that the calculation point is the exact center of the cell. A tolerance of 1 means that the calculation will be somewhere in the cell. Radial profiles are still required for the analysis; however, calculations are only made at the points as determined above The tolerance parameter affects the number of profiles required to generate the study and the calculation time.
Local studies are always a circle centred on the base station. Area studies can be rectangular, elliptical or a user defined polygon.
The following additions to the diffraction algorithms allow the studies to be carried out for an aircraft as the remote station.
* Antenna heights can be specified relative to ground level or sea level.
* Antenna heights greater that 1 kilometer are corrected to account for the exponential refractivity gradient.
* Either the earth radius factor - K or the surface refractivity can be specified
Digital terrain data
Digital elevation models
Terrain data is not supplied with the program. The following digital elevation data formats are supported:
* SRTM hgt and bil files (1 arc second - USA, 3 arc seconds - world) wide)
* USGS national elevation data (NED) 1 arc second, 1/3 arc second and 1/9 arc second
* USGS ASCII files 1:250,000 3 arc second, 1:24,000 30 meter and 10 meter
* DTED
* Canadian CDED files 1:250,000 (3 arc seconds) and 1: 50,000 (0.75 arc seconds)
* ESRI GRIDASCII
* South Africa NES - Cape datum and ORT - Hartebeesthoek94 datum using Gauss conform projection
* USGS GTOPO30 global 30 arc second
* USA 3 second compressed CTE format
* Generic BIL format for both geographic and projected formats
Digital clutter models
The following digital clutter data formats are supported:
* 1992 and 2001 National land cover data (NLCD) 1 arc second
* Global Land Cover Characteristics (GLCC) 30 arc seconds
* Generic BIL format for both geographic and projected formats. (Planet clutter uses a BIL projected format)
Pathloss site database
An ODBC interface (open database connectivity) is provided to connect to a user's database. The connection is defined by the ODBC drivers supplied with the users data base. The database consists of a predefined set of relational tables. Site and link data can be transferred between the database and the network display. In addition, the database can be used in interference calculations with links in the network display.
Antenna and radio data files
A separate application, ant_rad.exe, is used to create and edit radio and antenna data files. This is included with the Pathloss program and is also available separately. There is no charge for this program.
Version 4 used a directory search algorithm to locate the radio and antenna data files starting a user specified top level directory. In version 5, the radio - antenna codes (file name without the extension) are used as a key field in a lookup table. This means that the file names must be unique. The radio antenna code name lengths have been increased from 15 characters to 47 characters. File naming strategy becomes an important issue in this arrangement.
Antenna files
The NSMA / TIA antenna ASCII file format is used as the source data for antenna data.
Version 4 used separate binary antenna data (mas /vas) files for microwave antennas and for VHF-UHF applications. Version 5 uses a single binary file format (asd) for all antenna technologies. Version 5 can use version 4 antenna data files with no restrictions.
Radio Files
Version 4 radio data files were used for microwave applications only. Version 5 uses an expanded file format (rsd) to all radio technologies including adaptive modulation and land mobile applications.
Version 4 used a traffic code consisting of the modulation and capacity (e.g. 16E1-QPSK) as an identifier for different interfering radios. Version 5 will read version 4 radio files and use the same identifier convention; however version 5 radio files use the radio code as the identifier instead of the traffic code.
Documentation
The documentation is integrated into the program in a compiled html format. A printed manual will be available separately in the future
File formats
New file formats are used for the network (gr5) and link design (pl5) files. The program can read version 4 gr4 files but these will be saved in the version 5 gr5 format. The program can read and write version 4 pl4 files. Depending on the application and the specific data, some data may be lost when saving in the pl4 file format.
Limitations in the interim release
* The full functionality of the ODBC interface has not been implemented
* The French Spanish and German languages have not been implemented. All screen displays and reports are in English only.
* The radio lookup table has not been implemented. Automatic data entry can only be carried out with the radio index
* The documentation may be in draft format in some sections.
Program options
Pathloss version 5 is available in several options
PL5B - Basic program - point to point link design
The basic program consists of the network display and the automated linking and design features for point to point radio links. This includes the design sections for terrain data, antenna heights, diffraction, transmission analysis and reflections - multipath analysis. These features are common to all program options.
PL5C - Point to multipoint design - local studies
The point to multipoint design option adds multi-sectored base stations to the network display. These are used for the automatic PTMP linking and design features. Additionally local coverage studies can be carried out from a base station using signal strength, fade margin or visibility as the display criteria. In addition to the Pathloss deterministic diffraction algorithms, local studies can be carried out using the F(50,50), F(50,90), F(50,10) curves, Okimura (Hata) and Cost (Hata) empirical algorithms.
PL5I - Interference
An interference analysis can be carried out between groups of links in the network display or between a network display group and the Pathloss site database for all radio types. For each receiver, the aggregate interfering level of all transmitters is calculated. The receiver threshold degradation and the resulting increase in the outage probability is then determined taking into account the fade correlation for rain and multipath fades. Interference through passive repeaters is included in the calculation.
PL5T - Interference, point to multipoint design, local and area studies
This option combines the point to mulitpoint - local studies and interference options and adds area study analysis. In a local study each base station has its own coverage centered on the base station. In an area study, signals from a number of base stations are calculated into a common area. In addition to receive signal levels, an area study can display the most likely server, carrier to interference and simulcast delay.
Program organization
All operations are centered around the network display which provides a geographic layout of sites and links. The following backdrops are available in this display:
* Geo-referenced imagery in bmp, png, jpg and tif file formats. The geo reference information can be obtained from external text files (Planet type), MapInfo tab files, directly from geo-tiff files or can be manually geo referenced directly in the program.
* Vector data in ESRI shapefile or Planet formats.
* Elevation displays in a flat and shaded format. The elevation ranges, absolute- relative settings, colors, and transparency are completely configureable.
* A 3 dimensional elevation display showing the Fresnel zone radius on links. Pan, zoom and the view point control allow the user to effectively fly along a path.
* Clutter displays. The color legend and overall transparency are completely configureable
The Pathloss program contains two separate applications as follows.
* PL50 - network display and integrated link design sections.
* PL50L - link design sections only
In the network display, the link design sections are accessed by clicking on the specific link. It is not possible to access the link design sections for a link which are not associated with the network display using the standard open file dialog. The stand-alone PL50L link design application is used for this purpose.
Network display operations
Operations are based on groups or a selection of sites and links. A selection is a temporary group. There can be any number of named groups and these can overlap other groups. Groups of links can be automatically created based on path length, frequency and fade margin The default group is all sites and links. The following operations are carried out in the network display.
* Interference calculations between two groups of links in either or both directions. One of the groups can be the Pathloss site database
* Automatic point to point linking - generate all possible links between two groups of sites and determine the final configuration based on path length, antenna heights, diffraction loss or fade margin.
* Automatic point to multipoint linking - generate links from a base station to a group of sites or all sites within a specified radius and determine the final configuration based on path length, antenna heights, diffraction loss or fade margin. Remote sites are linked to the best sector at the base station.
* Automatic link design - specify the equipment parameters and the design methods and algorithms for a group of links and generate path profiles and carry out a complete transmission analysis. This feature is also used in the automatic point to point and point to multipoint linking.
* Point to point channel frequency and polarization assignments
* Network performance analysis
* Passive repeater design
* Local and area studies
* Report generation for a group of links. Any combination of report options can be printed for the selected group
Export file formats
The network display can be exported in the file formats listed below. Local and area studies are exported as vector contours.
* Google Earth using kml - png files
* MapInfo mid mif files
* ESRI shapefiles
New link design features
Antenna heights
* The antenna heights display now shows the Fresnel zones and earth radius factor as separate curves resulting in a more intuitive operation.
* The diffraction loss at the minimum expected value of K and a second user specified value of K can be displayed as the antenna heights are varied.
* Any combination of antenna heights can be analysed using either the main or diversity clearance criteria.
* A minimum clearance can now be specified as part of the clearance criteria.
Transmission analysis
* The transmission analysis section supports conventional microwave, adaptive modulation and land mobile radios
* The automatic link design feature is available in this design section. All location dependant parameters are determined from the site coordinates and terrain roughness is automatically calculated
Rain attenuation
The ITU-R P837-3 database and legacy ATT rain data files are now included.
Automatic rain calculations are carried out based on site coordinates for all rain data sources
Reflections - multipath
The reflections and multipath modules in version 4 have been combined into a single design section. The constant gradient ray trace is a precursor to determine if the path geometry supports a specular reflection and the location of the reflective plane.
Normally a reflective plane must be defined to analyse receive signal variations as the antenna heights, earth radius factor, frequency or tide levels are varied. This analysis can now be carried out using ray tracing for the earth radius factor or antenna height variables. This method considers terrain reflections over the entire path and is a better representation of the actual behaviour of the path.
The variable gradient ray trace now uses the surface ducts, elevated surface ducts and elevated duct data in the ITU-R P.453-8 data base. M-profiles and the probability of their occurrence are calculated using the site coordinates from this data
Reports
All reports are created in an integral RTF full featured word processor. This allows text and graphics to be combined in the reports.
Clutter
The following options for clutter (land cover, morphology) have been implemented:
* The clutter database only contains a description of the clutter. The user specifies the heights to be used for the various clutter types in a clutter definition table. This clutter definition can be edited for individual link designs
* The clutter database contains the actual height of the clutter. No descriptions are available.
* The clutter elevations are determined from the difference between the primary DEM and the clutter database. For example, the primary DEM could contain embedded building heights and the clutter database could contain terrain elevations only. The terrain profile would be created using the ground elevations and the clutter would be the difference between the two database elevations. This option can be used with SRTM and bare earth data such as NED to calibrate a description only clutter data base.
In a description only clutter database, the various clutter types are cross referenced to ten standard clutter definitions. These standard definitions are used in local and area studies for the location variability and the clutter loss as a function of frequency at the remote location.
Local and area studies
Version 4 coverage analysis uses a series of radial profiles with calculations at uniform increments along the profile. This produces a high concentration of data in the central area which decrease at the edges.Version 5 uses the concept of cells for both local and area studies to provide a uniform data density. The user specifies the cell size and a tolerance. The tolerance determines the location of the calculation point within the cell. A tolerance of 0 means that the calculation point is the exact center of the cell. A tolerance of 1 means that the calculation will be somewhere in the cell. Radial profiles are still required for the analysis; however, calculations are only made at the points as determined above The tolerance parameter affects the number of profiles required to generate the study and the calculation time.
Local studies are always a circle centred on the base station. Area studies can be rectangular, elliptical or a user defined polygon.
The following additions to the diffraction algorithms allow the studies to be carried out for an aircraft as the remote station.
* Antenna heights can be specified relative to ground level or sea level.
* Antenna heights greater that 1 kilometer are corrected to account for the exponential refractivity gradient.
* Either the earth radius factor - K or the surface refractivity can be specified
Digital terrain data
Digital elevation models
Terrain data is not supplied with the program. The following digital elevation data formats are supported:
* SRTM hgt and bil files (1 arc second - USA, 3 arc seconds - world) wide)
* USGS national elevation data (NED) 1 arc second, 1/3 arc second and 1/9 arc second
* USGS ASCII files 1:250,000 3 arc second, 1:24,000 30 meter and 10 meter
* DTED
* Canadian CDED files 1:250,000 (3 arc seconds) and 1: 50,000 (0.75 arc seconds)
* ESRI GRIDASCII
* South Africa NES - Cape datum and ORT - Hartebeesthoek94 datum using Gauss conform projection
* USGS GTOPO30 global 30 arc second
* USA 3 second compressed CTE format
* Generic BIL format for both geographic and projected formats
Digital clutter models
The following digital clutter data formats are supported:
* 1992 and 2001 National land cover data (NLCD) 1 arc second
* Global Land Cover Characteristics (GLCC) 30 arc seconds
* Generic BIL format for both geographic and projected formats. (Planet clutter uses a BIL projected format)
Pathloss site database
An ODBC interface (open database connectivity) is provided to connect to a user's database. The connection is defined by the ODBC drivers supplied with the users data base. The database consists of a predefined set of relational tables. Site and link data can be transferred between the database and the network display. In addition, the database can be used in interference calculations with links in the network display.
Antenna and radio data files
A separate application, ant_rad.exe, is used to create and edit radio and antenna data files. This is included with the Pathloss program and is also available separately. There is no charge for this program.
Version 4 used a directory search algorithm to locate the radio and antenna data files starting a user specified top level directory. In version 5, the radio - antenna codes (file name without the extension) are used as a key field in a lookup table. This means that the file names must be unique. The radio antenna code name lengths have been increased from 15 characters to 47 characters. File naming strategy becomes an important issue in this arrangement.
Antenna files
The NSMA / TIA antenna ASCII file format is used as the source data for antenna data.
Version 4 used separate binary antenna data (mas /vas) files for microwave antennas and for VHF-UHF applications. Version 5 uses a single binary file format (asd) for all antenna technologies. Version 5 can use version 4 antenna data files with no restrictions.
Radio Files
Version 4 radio data files were used for microwave applications only. Version 5 uses an expanded file format (rsd) to all radio technologies including adaptive modulation and land mobile applications.
Version 4 used a traffic code consisting of the modulation and capacity (e.g. 16E1-QPSK) as an identifier for different interfering radios. Version 5 will read version 4 radio files and use the same identifier convention; however version 5 radio files use the radio code as the identifier instead of the traffic code.
Documentation
The documentation is integrated into the program in a compiled html format. A printed manual will be available separately in the future
File formats
New file formats are used for the network (gr5) and link design (pl5) files. The program can read version 4 gr4 files but these will be saved in the version 5 gr5 format. The program can read and write version 4 pl4 files. Depending on the application and the specific data, some data may be lost when saving in the pl4 file format.
Limitations in the interim release
* The full functionality of the ODBC interface has not been implemented
* The French Spanish and German languages have not been implemented. All screen displays and reports are in English only.
* The radio lookup table has not been implemented. Automatic data entry can only be carried out with the radio index
* The documentation may be in draft format in some sections.
Jumat, 09 Januari 2009
Communication Line Of Sight (LOS)
Note : Need Pathloss 4.0?? Pathloss 4.0 Full Version?? Pathloss with coverage?? pathloss 4.0 with interference?? Pathloss 4.0 with background network?? Path loss 4.0??TEms 6 or 8?? Global Mapper 10?? Planet 4.5?? Mentum 6?? Contact me on anwar_alcatel@yahoo.co.id or +628564050028
Kamis, 08 Januari 2009
Propagasi Gelombang Radio
Note : Need Pathloss 4.0?? Pathloss 4.0 Full Version?? Pathloss with coverage?? pathloss 4.0 with interference?? Pathloss 4.0 with background network?? Path loss 4.0??TEms 6 or 8?? Global Mapper 10?? Planet 4.5?? Mentum 6?? Contact me on anwar_alcatel@yahoo.co.id or +628564050028
Langganan:
Postingan (Atom)